Many women experience pelvic pain during their menstrual periods, and for some, this pain can be severe. One possible cause of this pain is a condition known as endometriosis.
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What is Endometriosis?
Endometriosis, often referred to as “endo,” is a common health issue where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus. This tissue can cause various complications and pain as it builds up in areas where it shouldn’t be, such as:
- Ovaries
- Fallopian tubes
- Supporting tissues of the uterus
- Outer surface of the uterus
In rare cases, endometriosis can affect other parts of the body, including the intestines, bladder, vagina, vulva, cervix, rectum, and even the brain, lungs, and skin.
Symptoms of Endometriosis
The primary symptom of endometriosis is pelvic pain, often associated with menstrual periods. However, the pain of endometriosis is usually more intense than typical menstrual cramps and can worsen over time. Symptoms include:
Painful Periods (Dysmenorrhea): Severe pelvic pain and cramping that may begin before menstruation and last for several days. This pain can extend to the lower back and abdomen.
Pain During Intercourse: Many women with endometriosis experience pain during or after sexual activity.
Pain with Bowel Movements or Urination: These symptoms are most noticeable during menstruation.
Infertility: Endometriosis is often diagnosed in women seeking treatment for infertility.
Other Symptoms: These can include fatigue, diarrhea, constipation, bloating, and nausea, particularly during menstrual periods.
How Do I Know if I Have Endometriosis?
Painful Periods (Dysmenorrhea)
Women with endometriosis often experience intense menstrual pain that may persist for days or weeks after their period ends. This pain is usually felt in the lower abdomen, pelvis, or lower back and may not be relieved by typical pain medications like NSAIDs.
Abnormal Periods
Typical menstrual cycles last 3 to 5 days, but women with endometriosis may have longer cycles and heavy bleeding. During heavy bleeding, tampons or pads may need frequent changing, sometimes every 1-2 hours.
Painful Sex (Dyspareunia)
Endometriosis can cause deep tissue pain in the vaginal and pelvic walls, leading to discomfort during intercourse. This can affect relationships and cause anxiety or fear related to sexual activity.
Infertility
Endometriosis can cause scar tissue and adhesions that hinder conception. It is associated with approximately one-third of infertility cases, as it can block egg release and reduce egg quality and quantity. Diagnosis often involves a laparoscopy.
Bowel and Urinary Disorders
Endometriosis can cause symptoms similar to urinary tract disorders, including painful bowel movements, diarrhea, blood in the urine, painful urination, constipation, and a frequent urge to urinate. Other gastrointestinal symptoms include nausea, vomiting, bloating, and gassiness.
Neuropathy
Endometriosis can affect the pelvic tissue around nerves leading to the legs, causing nerve pain in the lower limbs.
Fatigue and Changes in Personality
Chronic pain from endometriosis can lead to fatigue and emotional changes. The stress of seeking a proper diagnosis and effective treatment can also contribute to exhaustion and emotional distress.
Conclusion
If you experience any of these symptoms, it may indicate that you have endometriosis. Diagnosis typically involves an ultrasound and clinical tests. It is essential to consult with a medical professional to confirm the diagnosis and discuss treatment options. Dr. Jay Mehta, a highly skilled and experienced doctor, is one of the best endometriosis specialists in Mumbai and can help develop a treatment plan tailored to your needs.
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